Grace Kelly
Grace Kelly, also called (from 1956) Princess Grace, was a popular actress during the 1950’s. She starred in famous Hollywood movies such as High Society, and High Noon. Her early life, career, marriage, and death are all very important factors in her image that she displayed. Grace Kelly was known for her stately beauty and reserve.
Early Life
Grace Patricia Kelly was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1929. Her father, John (Jack) Brendan, was a champion sculler and had won three Olympic gold medals on the United States rowing team. He was a self-made millionaire because he owned one of the most successful brick businesses on the East Coast. Her mother, Margaret Katherine Majer, was the first coach of the women’s athletic team at the University of Pennsylvania. Grace Kelly went to a Convent school, as she was Roman Catholic. She was the third out of four children. Grace occasionally modeled with her mother and sister. She was named after her father’s sister who died at an early age. According to bio., “Kelly expressed a deep love of performance at a young age.” Grace attended high school at Steven’s School, a private high school in Philadelphia. It was her Uncle George Kelly who encouraged her to pursue her dream of acting. Grace then went on to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York after graduating.
Career
Grace Kelly’s career started when she was discovered by Gary Cooper when she was twenty-two years old. Her first movie that she made was called Fourteen Hours. In this movie, she played Mrs. Louise Ann Fuller. This movie was made in 1951. The next movie Grace Kelly was in was Mogambo, which is considered to be the turning point in her career. She played Linda Nordley. Her outstanding performance in Mogambo made her nominated for her first Academy Award and she won her first Golden Globe award for Best Supporting Actress. Grace Kelly was offered a seven-year contract from MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) which she accepted on the condition that she could live in New York every other year so that she could pursue stage work. Grace Kelly turned down the role of Edie Doyle in On the Waterfront so that she could work with Alfred Hitchcock. Eva Marie Saint ended up with the role as Edie Doyle.
After working with Alfred Hitchcock, Grace Kelly made three movies with him, Rear Window (1954), Dial M for Murder (1954), and To Catch a Thief (1955). These movies showed off her true talent, as Hitchcock considered her the “epitome of the femme fatale”. “She’s too perfect… She’s too talented. She’s too beautiful. She’s too sophisticated,” said Jimmy Stewart, her co-star in Rear Window. In 1954, Grace Kelly starred in The Country Girl with Bing Crosby. She won an Oscar for best actress. Overall, Grace Kelly made eleven movies. She retired in 1956 to marry Prince Rainier of Monaco.
Marriage
Grace Kelly met Prince Rainier III of Monaco during a photo shoot. Prince Rainier needed an heir so Monaco wouldn’t become part of France. So on April 19, 1956, Grace Kelly married Prince Rainier and became Princess Consort of Monaco. This was a very glamorous and public wedding. Some even called it one of the most fairy-tale weddings of all time. As their son Prince Albert said, “It was such an incredible affair, and it left such a mark on people.” Grace Kelly was required to give up her American citizenship after the marriage. Prince Rainier even banned her films in Monaco. Although people attempted to lure her back into the filming industry, she resisted. Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier had three children; Princess Caroline was born on January 23, 1957; Prince Albert was born on March 14, 1958; Princess Stéphanie was born on February 1, 1965.
Death
Alike Princess Diana of Wales, Grace Kelly died in a car crash. They both died in the country of France.
Unlike Princess Diana who died at age 36, Grace Kelly died at the age of 52. On September 14, 1982, while driving with her youngest daughter, Princess Stéphanie, Grace Kelly had a stroke and lost control of the car. She was driving along the steep cliffs of Côte d’ Azur. The car spun off the cliff’s edge. Both passengers were rushed to the hospital. Grace Kelly spent 24 hours in a coma before she died. Her daughter survived with minor injuries. It was shocking news to the citizens of Monaco when they found out that their princess was dead. The accident also left an emotional scar on Princess Stéphanie. “It’s only in the last few years that I’ve been starting to cope with it,” said Princess Stéphanie Marie Elisabeth of Monaco when interviewed about the crash. The world mourned the death of Grace Kelly.
Grace Kelly was an idol. She was the epitome of female beauty and poise. Her on-screen grace enchanted the world. Her elegance as Princess Consort seized the media’s attention. In 2014, Grace of Monaco—a film—was made about Grace Kelly’s public life. Nicole Kidman portrayed her in the film. Grace Kelly’s early life, career, marriage, and death are all important parts of who she was and what she stood for. Maybe now you would like to watch one of Grace’s Kelly’s movies.
Works Cited
"Albert II, Prince of Monaco." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 06 June 2016.
"BIOGRAPHY: Grace Kelly Lifetime." BIOGRAPHY: Grace Kelly Lifetime. Web. 06 June 2016.
"Caroline, Princess of Hanover." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 06 June 2016.
"Grace Kelly." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television. Web. 06 June 2016.
Kornblut, Anne E. "Princess Diana Dies at 36 in a High-speed Car Crash in 1997." NY Daily News. Web. 06 June 2016.
"Princess Grace`s Fatal Crash: Her Daughter`s Account." Tribunedigital-chicagotribune. 23 Oct. 1989. Web. 06 June 2016.
"Princess Stéphanie of Monaco." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 06 June 2016.
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Grace Kelly." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 06 June 2016.
Early Life
Grace Patricia Kelly was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1929. Her father, John (Jack) Brendan, was a champion sculler and had won three Olympic gold medals on the United States rowing team. He was a self-made millionaire because he owned one of the most successful brick businesses on the East Coast. Her mother, Margaret Katherine Majer, was the first coach of the women’s athletic team at the University of Pennsylvania. Grace Kelly went to a Convent school, as she was Roman Catholic. She was the third out of four children. Grace occasionally modeled with her mother and sister. She was named after her father’s sister who died at an early age. According to bio., “Kelly expressed a deep love of performance at a young age.” Grace attended high school at Steven’s School, a private high school in Philadelphia. It was her Uncle George Kelly who encouraged her to pursue her dream of acting. Grace then went on to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York after graduating.
Career
Grace Kelly’s career started when she was discovered by Gary Cooper when she was twenty-two years old. Her first movie that she made was called Fourteen Hours. In this movie, she played Mrs. Louise Ann Fuller. This movie was made in 1951. The next movie Grace Kelly was in was Mogambo, which is considered to be the turning point in her career. She played Linda Nordley. Her outstanding performance in Mogambo made her nominated for her first Academy Award and she won her first Golden Globe award for Best Supporting Actress. Grace Kelly was offered a seven-year contract from MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) which she accepted on the condition that she could live in New York every other year so that she could pursue stage work. Grace Kelly turned down the role of Edie Doyle in On the Waterfront so that she could work with Alfred Hitchcock. Eva Marie Saint ended up with the role as Edie Doyle.
After working with Alfred Hitchcock, Grace Kelly made three movies with him, Rear Window (1954), Dial M for Murder (1954), and To Catch a Thief (1955). These movies showed off her true talent, as Hitchcock considered her the “epitome of the femme fatale”. “She’s too perfect… She’s too talented. She’s too beautiful. She’s too sophisticated,” said Jimmy Stewart, her co-star in Rear Window. In 1954, Grace Kelly starred in The Country Girl with Bing Crosby. She won an Oscar for best actress. Overall, Grace Kelly made eleven movies. She retired in 1956 to marry Prince Rainier of Monaco.
Marriage
Grace Kelly met Prince Rainier III of Monaco during a photo shoot. Prince Rainier needed an heir so Monaco wouldn’t become part of France. So on April 19, 1956, Grace Kelly married Prince Rainier and became Princess Consort of Monaco. This was a very glamorous and public wedding. Some even called it one of the most fairy-tale weddings of all time. As their son Prince Albert said, “It was such an incredible affair, and it left such a mark on people.” Grace Kelly was required to give up her American citizenship after the marriage. Prince Rainier even banned her films in Monaco. Although people attempted to lure her back into the filming industry, she resisted. Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier had three children; Princess Caroline was born on January 23, 1957; Prince Albert was born on March 14, 1958; Princess Stéphanie was born on February 1, 1965.
Death
Alike Princess Diana of Wales, Grace Kelly died in a car crash. They both died in the country of France.
Unlike Princess Diana who died at age 36, Grace Kelly died at the age of 52. On September 14, 1982, while driving with her youngest daughter, Princess Stéphanie, Grace Kelly had a stroke and lost control of the car. She was driving along the steep cliffs of Côte d’ Azur. The car spun off the cliff’s edge. Both passengers were rushed to the hospital. Grace Kelly spent 24 hours in a coma before she died. Her daughter survived with minor injuries. It was shocking news to the citizens of Monaco when they found out that their princess was dead. The accident also left an emotional scar on Princess Stéphanie. “It’s only in the last few years that I’ve been starting to cope with it,” said Princess Stéphanie Marie Elisabeth of Monaco when interviewed about the crash. The world mourned the death of Grace Kelly.
Grace Kelly was an idol. She was the epitome of female beauty and poise. Her on-screen grace enchanted the world. Her elegance as Princess Consort seized the media’s attention. In 2014, Grace of Monaco—a film—was made about Grace Kelly’s public life. Nicole Kidman portrayed her in the film. Grace Kelly’s early life, career, marriage, and death are all important parts of who she was and what she stood for. Maybe now you would like to watch one of Grace’s Kelly’s movies.
Works Cited
"Albert II, Prince of Monaco." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 06 June 2016.
"BIOGRAPHY: Grace Kelly Lifetime." BIOGRAPHY: Grace Kelly Lifetime. Web. 06 June 2016.
"Caroline, Princess of Hanover." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 06 June 2016.
"Grace Kelly." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television. Web. 06 June 2016.
Kornblut, Anne E. "Princess Diana Dies at 36 in a High-speed Car Crash in 1997." NY Daily News. Web. 06 June 2016.
"Princess Grace`s Fatal Crash: Her Daughter`s Account." Tribunedigital-chicagotribune. 23 Oct. 1989. Web. 06 June 2016.
"Princess Stéphanie of Monaco." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 06 June 2016.
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Grace Kelly." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 06 June 2016.
Meerkats
Meerkats
Did you know that the meerkat lives in groups of 20-50 members? It’s true; these groups are called a mob, gang, or clan. The meerkat is twelve inches (thirty centimeters) tall and has dark patches around its eyes to help reduce the glare of the sun--kind of like how a football player puts dark marks underneath their eyes when they’re playing. Meerkats live on the continent of Africa but are mostly found in the Kalahari Desert. Did you know that meerkats are omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and animals? The meerkat’s litters normally have 2-5 young, but the biggest litter ever observed contained 7 pups. Meerkats also have jobs within the mob.
Appearance
The meerkat (also known as the Suricat) is well equipped to survive in the harsh deserts of Africa. According to the Animal Fact Guide, “Meerkats are specially adapted to living in the harsh desert environment.” Their eyes have a clear, protective membrane that serves as protection from dirt. Meerkats mostly have light brown fur, but sometimes their fur can be gold, silver, or orange. In addition to their fur color, meerkats have dark patches of skin on their bellies that allow them to warm themselves by lying on their back in the sun. Additionally, the meerkat’s ears are round on the side of their head. This helps them hear their prey underneath the sand. Also, meerkats have long, curved claws to help them dig. They are about the size of a squirrel, but they stand upright with their paws in the front. Meerkat’s tails are about 7.5-9.5 inches long.
Habitat
Meerkats are mostly found in the Kalahari Desert in Botswana, Africa but sometimes they are found in western and southern Namibia, Angola, and Lesotho. The mob lives in a series of underground tunnels called a burrow. One burrow can have up to fifteen entrance/exit holes. Meerkats are talented diggers; one meerkat alone could dig hundreds of holes in one morning. “Although they are excellent diggers, meerkats usually live in burrows dug by other animals such as ground squirrels,” says the San Diego Zoo. Sometime meerkats will even share a burrow with squirrels or Yellow Mongoose. Not only do meerkats live in their burrows, but they also hide in their burrows to keep safe from predators. Also, considering they live in the desert, meerkats use their burrows to stay cool during the hottest days of the year.
Diet
Meerkats are omnivores, but they mostly eat insects. Meerkats can sniff out their prey using their enhanced sense of smell. They also eat small rodents, fruit, birds, eggs, lizards, and even poisonous scorpions. You would think that the meerkat that just ate a venomous scorpion would die, but meerkats can pull off the scorpion’s deadly stinger. As the Animal Fact Guide says, “They can catch a scorpion and pull off its deadly stinger in the blink of an eye.” Many people think that meerkats are immune to snake venom because they are related to the mongoose family, but scientists have not actually proven it. Meerkats are also able to survive without drinking water because they get the moisture that they need from roots, tubers, and plants like tsama melons.
Life Cycle
There are no mating rituals for meerkats, but most of the time meerkats mate with other members of their mob. The gestation period is two-and-a-half months. The female then gives birth at night in the burrow. Meerkats can give birth any time of the year. The babies weigh .9-1.3 ounces when they are first born. The young are called pups, and they are born with their eyes closed. Meerkats are iteroparous, meaning they can reproduce more than once. A wild meerkat usually has about three litters per year. While the parents are out hunting, the babysitters (other meerkats in the mob) will watch after the pups. The first four days are the most dangerous for the pups. As Friends of the Kalahari Meerkat Project says, “Litters are often killed by pregnant meerkat females, who want to raise the chances of survival for their own pups.” The pups first emerge from the burrow at about 2-3 weeks old. At this point, they weigh around three ounces. The first forage with the mob happens when the pups are about 3-4 weeks old. Their gender is hard to identify until the pups are 1-2 months old. Meerkats usually live to be 6-10 years old, but the oldest meerkat lived to be 13.
Behavior
Alike the mongoose, meerkats live in groups. “They are very social, living in colonies of up to forty,” says World Animal Foundation. Within these groups, both meerkats and mongoose have jobs like being the lookout for danger. Both animals stand on their hind legs and use their tail for balance when they’re being the guard.
On the other hand, there are many differences between the meerkat and the mongoose. The meerkats always walk on their hind legs, while most of the time, the mongoose walks on all fours. Instead of having a dominant male, the meerkat mobs always have a dominant female. When the sentry meerkat (watch/guard) is on duty, they do not give out calls and whistles if there is danger like the mongoose does. Instead, they give out a distinctive bark that alerts all of the other meerkats that there is danger. Then, the meerkats will dart into a bolt hole—a tunnel designed to stay safe from predators. The sentry will be the first member to come out of the bolt hole to see if the predator has left.
Meerkats are astounding animals. Luckily, they are not on the endangered species list and they have a low risk of endangerment according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Still, Meerkats should not be disregarded. Instead, Meerkats should be appreciated for their odd appearance, their harsh habitat, their absurd diet, their circle of life, and their clever behavior that allows them to survive in the wild. Now maybe you would like to take a trip to the Kalahari Desert to see a meerkat in the wild.
Works Cited
"Are Meerkats Immune to Poison?" HowStuffWorks. 14 May 2008. Web. 16 May 2016.
"Lifecycle." Meerkats. Web. 16 May 2016.
"Mammals | Meerkat." Meerkat. Web. 17 May 2016.
Marsh, Laura F. Meerkats. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2013. Print.
"Meerkat Facts." LiveScience. TechMedia Network. Web. 13 May 2016.
"Meerkat Facts | Suricat." Animal Fact Guide. Web. 13 May 2016.
"Meerkat Lifecycle." Meerkat Lifecycle. Web. 16 May 2016.
"Meerkats, Meerkat Pictures, Meerkat Facts - National Geographic." National Geographic. Web. 17 May 2016.
"Mongoose Behavior." Animals. Web. 19 May 2016.
"Meerkat Info." Meerkat Info. Web. 13 May 2016.
Did you know that the meerkat lives in groups of 20-50 members? It’s true; these groups are called a mob, gang, or clan. The meerkat is twelve inches (thirty centimeters) tall and has dark patches around its eyes to help reduce the glare of the sun--kind of like how a football player puts dark marks underneath their eyes when they’re playing. Meerkats live on the continent of Africa but are mostly found in the Kalahari Desert. Did you know that meerkats are omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and animals? The meerkat’s litters normally have 2-5 young, but the biggest litter ever observed contained 7 pups. Meerkats also have jobs within the mob.
Appearance
The meerkat (also known as the Suricat) is well equipped to survive in the harsh deserts of Africa. According to the Animal Fact Guide, “Meerkats are specially adapted to living in the harsh desert environment.” Their eyes have a clear, protective membrane that serves as protection from dirt. Meerkats mostly have light brown fur, but sometimes their fur can be gold, silver, or orange. In addition to their fur color, meerkats have dark patches of skin on their bellies that allow them to warm themselves by lying on their back in the sun. Additionally, the meerkat’s ears are round on the side of their head. This helps them hear their prey underneath the sand. Also, meerkats have long, curved claws to help them dig. They are about the size of a squirrel, but they stand upright with their paws in the front. Meerkat’s tails are about 7.5-9.5 inches long.
Habitat
Meerkats are mostly found in the Kalahari Desert in Botswana, Africa but sometimes they are found in western and southern Namibia, Angola, and Lesotho. The mob lives in a series of underground tunnels called a burrow. One burrow can have up to fifteen entrance/exit holes. Meerkats are talented diggers; one meerkat alone could dig hundreds of holes in one morning. “Although they are excellent diggers, meerkats usually live in burrows dug by other animals such as ground squirrels,” says the San Diego Zoo. Sometime meerkats will even share a burrow with squirrels or Yellow Mongoose. Not only do meerkats live in their burrows, but they also hide in their burrows to keep safe from predators. Also, considering they live in the desert, meerkats use their burrows to stay cool during the hottest days of the year.
Diet
Meerkats are omnivores, but they mostly eat insects. Meerkats can sniff out their prey using their enhanced sense of smell. They also eat small rodents, fruit, birds, eggs, lizards, and even poisonous scorpions. You would think that the meerkat that just ate a venomous scorpion would die, but meerkats can pull off the scorpion’s deadly stinger. As the Animal Fact Guide says, “They can catch a scorpion and pull off its deadly stinger in the blink of an eye.” Many people think that meerkats are immune to snake venom because they are related to the mongoose family, but scientists have not actually proven it. Meerkats are also able to survive without drinking water because they get the moisture that they need from roots, tubers, and plants like tsama melons.
Life Cycle
There are no mating rituals for meerkats, but most of the time meerkats mate with other members of their mob. The gestation period is two-and-a-half months. The female then gives birth at night in the burrow. Meerkats can give birth any time of the year. The babies weigh .9-1.3 ounces when they are first born. The young are called pups, and they are born with their eyes closed. Meerkats are iteroparous, meaning they can reproduce more than once. A wild meerkat usually has about three litters per year. While the parents are out hunting, the babysitters (other meerkats in the mob) will watch after the pups. The first four days are the most dangerous for the pups. As Friends of the Kalahari Meerkat Project says, “Litters are often killed by pregnant meerkat females, who want to raise the chances of survival for their own pups.” The pups first emerge from the burrow at about 2-3 weeks old. At this point, they weigh around three ounces. The first forage with the mob happens when the pups are about 3-4 weeks old. Their gender is hard to identify until the pups are 1-2 months old. Meerkats usually live to be 6-10 years old, but the oldest meerkat lived to be 13.
Behavior
Alike the mongoose, meerkats live in groups. “They are very social, living in colonies of up to forty,” says World Animal Foundation. Within these groups, both meerkats and mongoose have jobs like being the lookout for danger. Both animals stand on their hind legs and use their tail for balance when they’re being the guard.
On the other hand, there are many differences between the meerkat and the mongoose. The meerkats always walk on their hind legs, while most of the time, the mongoose walks on all fours. Instead of having a dominant male, the meerkat mobs always have a dominant female. When the sentry meerkat (watch/guard) is on duty, they do not give out calls and whistles if there is danger like the mongoose does. Instead, they give out a distinctive bark that alerts all of the other meerkats that there is danger. Then, the meerkats will dart into a bolt hole—a tunnel designed to stay safe from predators. The sentry will be the first member to come out of the bolt hole to see if the predator has left.
Meerkats are astounding animals. Luckily, they are not on the endangered species list and they have a low risk of endangerment according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Still, Meerkats should not be disregarded. Instead, Meerkats should be appreciated for their odd appearance, their harsh habitat, their absurd diet, their circle of life, and their clever behavior that allows them to survive in the wild. Now maybe you would like to take a trip to the Kalahari Desert to see a meerkat in the wild.
Works Cited
"Are Meerkats Immune to Poison?" HowStuffWorks. 14 May 2008. Web. 16 May 2016.
"Lifecycle." Meerkats. Web. 16 May 2016.
"Mammals | Meerkat." Meerkat. Web. 17 May 2016.
Marsh, Laura F. Meerkats. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2013. Print.
"Meerkat Facts." LiveScience. TechMedia Network. Web. 13 May 2016.
"Meerkat Facts | Suricat." Animal Fact Guide. Web. 13 May 2016.
"Meerkat Lifecycle." Meerkat Lifecycle. Web. 16 May 2016.
"Meerkats, Meerkat Pictures, Meerkat Facts - National Geographic." National Geographic. Web. 17 May 2016.
"Mongoose Behavior." Animals. Web. 19 May 2016.
"Meerkat Info." Meerkat Info. Web. 13 May 2016.
Teen Activism
Teen Activism
“One person can make a difference and every person should try.” -John F. Kennedy. These words of wisdom embody who teen activists are and what they do. What makes teen activists different from everyone else in the world is teen activists are the people who find solutions to ongoing world problems and issues. Teen activists are inspired by personal problems that they face, they are determined, and teen activists emphasize their ideas in many peaceful ways. Teen activists help to change the world.
Teen Activists’ Inspiration
Teen activists are inspired by personal problems that they face. For example, Iqbal Masih was a child laborer in Pakistan. Iqbal was born in the poor town of Muridke, Pakistan. When he was four, his mother borrowed a loan from a carpet factory owner for Iqbal’s older brother’s wedding. The loan was equivalent to twelve American dollars. Because his family was so poor, Iqbal’s mother could never repay the loan. The carpet factory owner demanded that she give him Iqbal instead. Iqbal was sold as a child slave. For fourteen hours a day, six days a week, Iqbal Masih ran from one side of a weaving loom to the other pushing a shuttle between the thread rows of a carpet. When Iqbal tried to escape, he was beaten with a stick. He and all of the other children were only given enough food to stay alive. Once, when Iqbal was caught escaping, the carpet factory owner hung him from the ceiling by his ankles. Iqbal did this for six years. That’s 27,720 hours of making carpets, being beaten, and not getting enough to eat. He was even chained to the loom at night so that he could not escape. Iqbal’s wrists were eventually so small that he could slip his wrists through the cuffs. One night when Iqbal was ten years old, he escaped from the carpet factory through an open window. Once he was free, Iqbal Masih started making speeches about what was happening in the carpet factories. Iqbal did not want children to have to go through the torture and hardship and to be a slave like he was. He wanted every child to be free and be able to go to school.
In addition to Iqbal, Casey Sokolovic is also a teen activist. She went on a third-grade field trip to the Karen Beasley Sea Turtle Hospital, which at the time, was really a backyard hospital. The sea turtles inspired Casey to do something about the endangered species. “Looking at the sea turtles, I just knew that...I really wanted to do something to help these efforts out and truly make a difference,” Casey said about her experience. After seeing the injured sea turtles, she knew she wanted to dedicate her life to helping them as well as to educate people so that sea turtles aren’t continuing to get injured.
As well as Iqbal Masih and Casey Sokolovic, Malala Yousafzai is a teen activist. She was born in Swat Valley, Pakistan on July 12, 1997. The Taliban came into Swat when Malala was just a child. When she was twelve, the Taliban shut down Malala’s school. “... We don’t learn the importance of anything until it’s snatched from our hands,” Malala said. Malala says that the reason why the Taliban shut down her school was education is a power for women, and if women are educated, they become powerful. After the Taliban shut down her school, Malala started writing a blog for the BBC Urdu service protesting the Taliban’s decision. She even started giving speeches to educate people about the importance of female--and male--education. In 2011, Malala received Pakistan's first National Youth Peace Prize. In 2014, Malala won the Nobel Peace Prize. Malala’s experience sparked her passion for education.
Unlike the other three activists, Alex Lin was inspired after he read an article in The Wall Street Journal when he was nine years old about the dangers of electronic waste (e-waste). He and a group of friends started Team W.I.N. (Westerly Innovations Network) to help stop the e-waste problem. Did you know that e-waste makes up 70% of all waste? Team W.I.N. started recycling computers. They recycled 20,000 pounds of computers their first day! Alex and his friends soon realized that reusing computers is seven times more efficient than recycling. Team W.I.N. has refurbished over 300 computers. They have donated these computers to third-world countries and have set up 7 different media centers across the globe. Without the spark of inspiration, teen activists might not be so passionate about their work.
Teen Activists Are Determined
One trait that teen activists share is determined. They don’t give up when things aren’t solved the first time. Iqbal Masih went back to Pakistan after traveling the world informing people about the child labor problem. He knew that the carpet factory owners were losing money because of his speeches and that these people were dangerous and evil. Even the Pakistani police were afraid of these factory owners. When Iqbal was asked why he was going back to Pakistan, he said, “I need to finish what I started.” Iqbal went back to Pakistan, even though he knew he was putting his life in danger. This shows that Iqbal was determined because he risked his life to fight for what he believed in.
Unfortunately, on April 16, 1995, in a small village in Pakistan, Iqbal Masih was shot and killed. He was riding his bicycle with his friends. The police said it was an accidental shooting by a local farmer named Ashraf Hero who confessed after hours of torture. Many people believe that Ashraf was blamed for the case when he wasn’t the one to pull the trigger. Historians believe that it was actually an act of revenge from the carpet factory owners, who were mad at Iqbal for making them lose money. Clearly, Iqbal was determined to help the children enslaved because he put his work before his own safety. He was willing to put his life in danger to help others.
Casey Sokolovic was only nine years old when she visited the Karen Beasley Rescue and Rehabilitation Sea Turtle Hospital, and you would think that there isn’t much a nine-year-old can do to change the world. Well, Casey defied that status quo. She and her mother decided to start making sea turtle cookies to sell to raise money for the sea turtle hospital. Casey and her mother made 10,000 cookies over the course of nine years, which raised $500,000 for the sea turtle hospital and to help monitor and improve water quality across North Carolina (Casey’s state). This shows that Casey is determined to help sea turtles, no matter what limits are blocking her path. In 2014, Casey won the Gloria Barron Prize For Young Heroes. She received $5,000 to support her work. Casey is now 18 years old and will be going to college next year. Even though she will be going to school, she will still be involved in Help Them L.A.S.T. “I will be involved in it whenever I can be,” Casey said. This shows how determined Casey is because she is dedicating her time to the turtles, even though her schedule will be getting busier.
Malala Yousafzai was determined because she kept protesting for female education even when she received death threats from the Taliban. Malala never thought that anyone would ever hurt a child, and for that reason, she was more concerned about her father who was supporting her every step of the way. But little did she know that after she won Pakistan’s first National Youth Peace Prize, the Taliban leaders voted to kill her.
On October 9, 2012, Malala and her friends were riding their bus home from school. A masked gunman came onto the bus and shot Malala in the neck. Malala survived the initial attack but was in a serious condition. Malala was rushed to Birmingham, England where she was placed in a special hospital for military injuries. Malala was not discharged from the hospital until January of 2013. Today, over three years later, Malala has established the Malala Fund to help girls get twelve years of free and safe education. She continues to travel to developing countries where girls are not in school to help enforce female education. Malala has established schools in countries like Pakistan, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Kenya. But Malala is not finished with her mission yet. There are still more than 60 million girls out of school today. Malala is determined because she never gave up, even when she had a life-threatening experience.
Alex Lin and Team W.I.N. wrote a bill to the state of Rhode Island asking them to make dumping e-waste illegal. E-waste is a huge problem around the world. 97% of e-waste is not properly disposed of. Electronics have mercury, cadmium, and 4-8 pounds of lead in them. These hazardous chemicals can seep into the environment, causing pollution. The Rhode Island legislatures denied this bill, but that did not stop Team W.I.N.
In 2006, after making edits and revising their bill, Team W.I.N. got the state of Rhode Island to pass a law making all dumping of e-waste illegal. Team W.I.N. installed a receptacle in Westerly, RI to recycle computers. This receptacle prevents 725 pounds of e-waste per month from going to a landfill. As you can see, Team W.I.N. was determined to get their bill passed.
Teen Activists’ Message
Teen activists emphasize their ideas in many peaceful ways. Iqbal Masih made speeches against child labor. He believed that children should be free and able to go to school. According to Iqbal, “Children should have pens in their hands, not tools.” Iqbal traveled to Switzerland and the United States to make speeches about what was going on in Pakistan. After his visits, the U.S. and Switzerland demanded that Pakistan enforce its’ child labor laws. Iqbal even went to Broadmeadow Middle School in Massachusetts to speak to eighth graders about the problem of child labor. After Iqbal’s death, this class got together and created A School For Iqbal, which was a campaign to raise money to build a school in Pakistan. The children sent emails to schools in the United States asking for twelve dollar donations per classroom. Ten years after Iqbal’s death, A School For Iqbal raised money to build eight schools in countries around the world where children were unable to go to school.l. “If I hadn’t met him, I would be in the back of the classroom getting straight A’s, not making a difference,” Amanda (one of the eighth-grade students) said. This shows the difference between a teen activist and a regular person. Even when Iqbal couldn’t complete his mission, the eighth graders did. By spreading his ideas, he was able to inspire those around him to also step up and make a change.
Casey Sokolovic gets her message across through fundraising. As well as baking cookies, Casey worked with Joe van Gogh Coffee to create a sea turtle coffee now sold in more than 120 The Fresh Markets across the country. Ten percent of the coffee profits go to the Karen Beasley Rescue and Rehabilitation Sea Turtle Hospital. Casey also created the Upstream Downstream Connection summer camp for children of the Boys’ and Girls’ Club. This free camp involves science, adventure, going to the beach, river kayaking, and scuba diving. This camp served 525 kids. In addition to a summer camp, Casey also created the annual L.A.S.T. 5K trail run and nature walk. As well as creating runs and camps, Casey also created River Quest, a 10 day 100-mile kayak trip on the Neuse River. Casey is working hard to raise money for the sea turtles.
Malala Yousafzai spreads the word about female education by making speeches. She travels to war-torn countries where children are pushed out of school to encourage the kids to fight for their education. Additionally, Malala wrote a book called I Am Malala which describes her journey. Malala went on The Daily Show to speak about her story as well, informing people about the number of girls out of school. According to Malala, “Going to school is not only learning about different subjects. It teaches you about communication; it teaches you how to live a life.” Malala will not stop until every child around the world can attend school.
Alex Lin and his team get their message out by fundraising, refurbishing computers, and by notifying people. When Team W.I.N. wanted a Westerly receptacle, they made phone calls to people and sent letters to the CRT District Manager. CRT is a small residential construction company in Westerly, Rhode Island. This was the company that installed the receptacle. By making those phone calls and sending those letters, Westerly, Rhode Island got a free receptacle to recycle e-waste.
Teen activists are so bold; they’re highly dedicated to their work. It is not only a passion but a career for them. Teen activists are inspired by personal problems they face. One character trait that teen activists share is determination. Lastly, it is important that teen activists emphasize their ideas in peaceful ways so that they can help change the world. Iqbal Masih, Casey Sokolovic, Malala Yousafzai, and Alex Lin are an inspiration to everyone. As Alex says, “Every long journey starts with a single step.” Anyone can be an activist. Will you stand up for what you believe in?
Works Cited
"Alex Lin - Brower Youth Awards 2007." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Alex Lin Helps Reduce E-Waste⎢TakePart TV." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Alex Lin, Teenage Activist." TakePart. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Casey Sokolovic Is Saving Sea Turtles with Cookies, Coffee and Kayaks." Newsobserver. Web. 09 May 2016.
"The Daily Show - Malala Yousafzai Extended Interview." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"FREEDOM HERO: IQBAL MASIH." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Help Them L.A.S.T.--Love a Sea Turtle (Sea Turtle Conservation and Rehabilitation in NC)." SchoolTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Iqbal Masih - Moral Heroes." Moral Heroes RSS. 20 Apr. 2011. Web. 09 May 2016.
"The Kids Campaign to Build." A School for Iqbal. Web. 04 May 2016.
"Love A Sea Turtle." Love A Sea Turtle RSS. Web. 04 May 2016.
"The Malala Fund." The Malala Fund. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.
"Malala Yousafzai Speaks Out." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
Sundem, Garth, and Garth Sundem. Real Kids, Real Stories, Real Change: Courageous Actions around the World. Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit Pub., 2010. Print.
“One person can make a difference and every person should try.” -John F. Kennedy. These words of wisdom embody who teen activists are and what they do. What makes teen activists different from everyone else in the world is teen activists are the people who find solutions to ongoing world problems and issues. Teen activists are inspired by personal problems that they face, they are determined, and teen activists emphasize their ideas in many peaceful ways. Teen activists help to change the world.
Teen Activists’ Inspiration
Teen activists are inspired by personal problems that they face. For example, Iqbal Masih was a child laborer in Pakistan. Iqbal was born in the poor town of Muridke, Pakistan. When he was four, his mother borrowed a loan from a carpet factory owner for Iqbal’s older brother’s wedding. The loan was equivalent to twelve American dollars. Because his family was so poor, Iqbal’s mother could never repay the loan. The carpet factory owner demanded that she give him Iqbal instead. Iqbal was sold as a child slave. For fourteen hours a day, six days a week, Iqbal Masih ran from one side of a weaving loom to the other pushing a shuttle between the thread rows of a carpet. When Iqbal tried to escape, he was beaten with a stick. He and all of the other children were only given enough food to stay alive. Once, when Iqbal was caught escaping, the carpet factory owner hung him from the ceiling by his ankles. Iqbal did this for six years. That’s 27,720 hours of making carpets, being beaten, and not getting enough to eat. He was even chained to the loom at night so that he could not escape. Iqbal’s wrists were eventually so small that he could slip his wrists through the cuffs. One night when Iqbal was ten years old, he escaped from the carpet factory through an open window. Once he was free, Iqbal Masih started making speeches about what was happening in the carpet factories. Iqbal did not want children to have to go through the torture and hardship and to be a slave like he was. He wanted every child to be free and be able to go to school.
In addition to Iqbal, Casey Sokolovic is also a teen activist. She went on a third-grade field trip to the Karen Beasley Sea Turtle Hospital, which at the time, was really a backyard hospital. The sea turtles inspired Casey to do something about the endangered species. “Looking at the sea turtles, I just knew that...I really wanted to do something to help these efforts out and truly make a difference,” Casey said about her experience. After seeing the injured sea turtles, she knew she wanted to dedicate her life to helping them as well as to educate people so that sea turtles aren’t continuing to get injured.
As well as Iqbal Masih and Casey Sokolovic, Malala Yousafzai is a teen activist. She was born in Swat Valley, Pakistan on July 12, 1997. The Taliban came into Swat when Malala was just a child. When she was twelve, the Taliban shut down Malala’s school. “... We don’t learn the importance of anything until it’s snatched from our hands,” Malala said. Malala says that the reason why the Taliban shut down her school was education is a power for women, and if women are educated, they become powerful. After the Taliban shut down her school, Malala started writing a blog for the BBC Urdu service protesting the Taliban’s decision. She even started giving speeches to educate people about the importance of female--and male--education. In 2011, Malala received Pakistan's first National Youth Peace Prize. In 2014, Malala won the Nobel Peace Prize. Malala’s experience sparked her passion for education.
Unlike the other three activists, Alex Lin was inspired after he read an article in The Wall Street Journal when he was nine years old about the dangers of electronic waste (e-waste). He and a group of friends started Team W.I.N. (Westerly Innovations Network) to help stop the e-waste problem. Did you know that e-waste makes up 70% of all waste? Team W.I.N. started recycling computers. They recycled 20,000 pounds of computers their first day! Alex and his friends soon realized that reusing computers is seven times more efficient than recycling. Team W.I.N. has refurbished over 300 computers. They have donated these computers to third-world countries and have set up 7 different media centers across the globe. Without the spark of inspiration, teen activists might not be so passionate about their work.
Teen Activists Are Determined
One trait that teen activists share is determined. They don’t give up when things aren’t solved the first time. Iqbal Masih went back to Pakistan after traveling the world informing people about the child labor problem. He knew that the carpet factory owners were losing money because of his speeches and that these people were dangerous and evil. Even the Pakistani police were afraid of these factory owners. When Iqbal was asked why he was going back to Pakistan, he said, “I need to finish what I started.” Iqbal went back to Pakistan, even though he knew he was putting his life in danger. This shows that Iqbal was determined because he risked his life to fight for what he believed in.
Unfortunately, on April 16, 1995, in a small village in Pakistan, Iqbal Masih was shot and killed. He was riding his bicycle with his friends. The police said it was an accidental shooting by a local farmer named Ashraf Hero who confessed after hours of torture. Many people believe that Ashraf was blamed for the case when he wasn’t the one to pull the trigger. Historians believe that it was actually an act of revenge from the carpet factory owners, who were mad at Iqbal for making them lose money. Clearly, Iqbal was determined to help the children enslaved because he put his work before his own safety. He was willing to put his life in danger to help others.
Casey Sokolovic was only nine years old when she visited the Karen Beasley Rescue and Rehabilitation Sea Turtle Hospital, and you would think that there isn’t much a nine-year-old can do to change the world. Well, Casey defied that status quo. She and her mother decided to start making sea turtle cookies to sell to raise money for the sea turtle hospital. Casey and her mother made 10,000 cookies over the course of nine years, which raised $500,000 for the sea turtle hospital and to help monitor and improve water quality across North Carolina (Casey’s state). This shows that Casey is determined to help sea turtles, no matter what limits are blocking her path. In 2014, Casey won the Gloria Barron Prize For Young Heroes. She received $5,000 to support her work. Casey is now 18 years old and will be going to college next year. Even though she will be going to school, she will still be involved in Help Them L.A.S.T. “I will be involved in it whenever I can be,” Casey said. This shows how determined Casey is because she is dedicating her time to the turtles, even though her schedule will be getting busier.
Malala Yousafzai was determined because she kept protesting for female education even when she received death threats from the Taliban. Malala never thought that anyone would ever hurt a child, and for that reason, she was more concerned about her father who was supporting her every step of the way. But little did she know that after she won Pakistan’s first National Youth Peace Prize, the Taliban leaders voted to kill her.
On October 9, 2012, Malala and her friends were riding their bus home from school. A masked gunman came onto the bus and shot Malala in the neck. Malala survived the initial attack but was in a serious condition. Malala was rushed to Birmingham, England where she was placed in a special hospital for military injuries. Malala was not discharged from the hospital until January of 2013. Today, over three years later, Malala has established the Malala Fund to help girls get twelve years of free and safe education. She continues to travel to developing countries where girls are not in school to help enforce female education. Malala has established schools in countries like Pakistan, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Kenya. But Malala is not finished with her mission yet. There are still more than 60 million girls out of school today. Malala is determined because she never gave up, even when she had a life-threatening experience.
Alex Lin and Team W.I.N. wrote a bill to the state of Rhode Island asking them to make dumping e-waste illegal. E-waste is a huge problem around the world. 97% of e-waste is not properly disposed of. Electronics have mercury, cadmium, and 4-8 pounds of lead in them. These hazardous chemicals can seep into the environment, causing pollution. The Rhode Island legislatures denied this bill, but that did not stop Team W.I.N.
In 2006, after making edits and revising their bill, Team W.I.N. got the state of Rhode Island to pass a law making all dumping of e-waste illegal. Team W.I.N. installed a receptacle in Westerly, RI to recycle computers. This receptacle prevents 725 pounds of e-waste per month from going to a landfill. As you can see, Team W.I.N. was determined to get their bill passed.
Teen Activists’ Message
Teen activists emphasize their ideas in many peaceful ways. Iqbal Masih made speeches against child labor. He believed that children should be free and able to go to school. According to Iqbal, “Children should have pens in their hands, not tools.” Iqbal traveled to Switzerland and the United States to make speeches about what was going on in Pakistan. After his visits, the U.S. and Switzerland demanded that Pakistan enforce its’ child labor laws. Iqbal even went to Broadmeadow Middle School in Massachusetts to speak to eighth graders about the problem of child labor. After Iqbal’s death, this class got together and created A School For Iqbal, which was a campaign to raise money to build a school in Pakistan. The children sent emails to schools in the United States asking for twelve dollar donations per classroom. Ten years after Iqbal’s death, A School For Iqbal raised money to build eight schools in countries around the world where children were unable to go to school.l. “If I hadn’t met him, I would be in the back of the classroom getting straight A’s, not making a difference,” Amanda (one of the eighth-grade students) said. This shows the difference between a teen activist and a regular person. Even when Iqbal couldn’t complete his mission, the eighth graders did. By spreading his ideas, he was able to inspire those around him to also step up and make a change.
Casey Sokolovic gets her message across through fundraising. As well as baking cookies, Casey worked with Joe van Gogh Coffee to create a sea turtle coffee now sold in more than 120 The Fresh Markets across the country. Ten percent of the coffee profits go to the Karen Beasley Rescue and Rehabilitation Sea Turtle Hospital. Casey also created the Upstream Downstream Connection summer camp for children of the Boys’ and Girls’ Club. This free camp involves science, adventure, going to the beach, river kayaking, and scuba diving. This camp served 525 kids. In addition to a summer camp, Casey also created the annual L.A.S.T. 5K trail run and nature walk. As well as creating runs and camps, Casey also created River Quest, a 10 day 100-mile kayak trip on the Neuse River. Casey is working hard to raise money for the sea turtles.
Malala Yousafzai spreads the word about female education by making speeches. She travels to war-torn countries where children are pushed out of school to encourage the kids to fight for their education. Additionally, Malala wrote a book called I Am Malala which describes her journey. Malala went on The Daily Show to speak about her story as well, informing people about the number of girls out of school. According to Malala, “Going to school is not only learning about different subjects. It teaches you about communication; it teaches you how to live a life.” Malala will not stop until every child around the world can attend school.
Alex Lin and his team get their message out by fundraising, refurbishing computers, and by notifying people. When Team W.I.N. wanted a Westerly receptacle, they made phone calls to people and sent letters to the CRT District Manager. CRT is a small residential construction company in Westerly, Rhode Island. This was the company that installed the receptacle. By making those phone calls and sending those letters, Westerly, Rhode Island got a free receptacle to recycle e-waste.
Teen activists are so bold; they’re highly dedicated to their work. It is not only a passion but a career for them. Teen activists are inspired by personal problems they face. One character trait that teen activists share is determination. Lastly, it is important that teen activists emphasize their ideas in peaceful ways so that they can help change the world. Iqbal Masih, Casey Sokolovic, Malala Yousafzai, and Alex Lin are an inspiration to everyone. As Alex says, “Every long journey starts with a single step.” Anyone can be an activist. Will you stand up for what you believe in?
Works Cited
"Alex Lin - Brower Youth Awards 2007." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Alex Lin Helps Reduce E-Waste⎢TakePart TV." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Alex Lin, Teenage Activist." TakePart. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Casey Sokolovic Is Saving Sea Turtles with Cookies, Coffee and Kayaks." Newsobserver. Web. 09 May 2016.
"The Daily Show - Malala Yousafzai Extended Interview." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"FREEDOM HERO: IQBAL MASIH." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Help Them L.A.S.T.--Love a Sea Turtle (Sea Turtle Conservation and Rehabilitation in NC)." SchoolTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
"Iqbal Masih - Moral Heroes." Moral Heroes RSS. 20 Apr. 2011. Web. 09 May 2016.
"The Kids Campaign to Build." A School for Iqbal. Web. 04 May 2016.
"Love A Sea Turtle." Love A Sea Turtle RSS. Web. 04 May 2016.
"The Malala Fund." The Malala Fund. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.
"Malala Yousafzai Speaks Out." YouTube. Web. 09 May 2016.
Sundem, Garth, and Garth Sundem. Real Kids, Real Stories, Real Change: Courageous Actions around the World. Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit Pub., 2010. Print.
The 1970's
Introduction
In this century, decade, and year we all have trends, styles, famous people of our time, and genres of music that we like. Everybody knows it, and the majority likes it. But have you ever wondered what the trends, styles, famous people, and music was like in a different century, decade, and year? This year is 2015. Two-thousand fifteen! But what about forty years ago, in the 1970’s? What were their styles, famous people, trends, and music like?
The 70’s was a very monumental time in history. In this article you will learn about fashion for men and woman in the seventies, the music in the seventies, and the famous figures of 1970-1979. Are the times still a changin?
Fashion
In the 1970’s you couldn’t quite say that there was a fashion revolution, but it was a big time in fashion history. Polyester was one of the most popular materials that were used to make clothing. In the early seventies, bright colors was the trend. Vibrant, loud colors were on every average american boy and girl. Fashion in the 70’s was different than most decades for girls and women. The 1970’s was the decade that women were finally accepted for equal rights, and that wearing pants, wasn’t a disgrace. That’s right, before then, women and girls were expected to wear dresses and skirts to fit in with society. In the seventies, men AND women wore tight fitting pants, and most of the time, the pants were wide at the bottom. Bellbottoms were the name. By 1973, most women were wearing high cut boots or low cut pants.
What could go better with a pair of loud bellbottoms than platform shoes? Nothing, at least not in the 1970’s. Some of the best clothing produce blended the mods with the hippies. If you could travel back in time to 1973, you’d probably see women wearing a cowl neck sweater. What about men you ask? A striped v-neck velour shirt was definitely in their closet. For a night on the town, tunics, culottes and robes were very common also.
1973 was definitely the year of knit items. Sweaters were most common. But by 1975, harris tweed, wool flannel, cashmere, camel’s hair, pure cotton, and pure silk were the common materials.
The early 70’s had super bright tones in clothing, but by 1979, color almost completely disappeared! Faded colors, earth tones, black, white, and gray was more popular. Many say that people were tired of the bright casual look, and went back to business. That is all different than what we wear today, but like Coco Chanel said, “Fashion fades, only style remains the same.”
The Music
Rock, rap, pop, country and heavy metal are some of the genres of music in our century, decade, and year. But in the 1970’s disco, funk, smooth jazz, jazz fusion, rock, punk, and punk rock were the genres that people liked.
Disco gave rise to an entire era of electronic music. Disco had come from two different impulses, funk and R&B. Disco began in urban centers around the U.S. If you used the words cultural powerhouse in the 1970’s, everyone would know that you meant DISCO. Disco became very popular by 1975, but that wasn’t the only popular music remember? Seventies rock was influential! Rock had played an important part in the western music scene. Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, and Queen were some big and important names in rock history.
The Famous Figures
Famous people in the seventies, were different than famous people now. Lots of movies were made through 1970-1979 and lots of political things happened too. People like Clint Eastwood, Barbra Streisand, and Sylvester Stallone were very popular names. Clint Eastwood was an actor born in 1930 in San Francisco. Barbra Streisand was an american actress, singer, director and producer. And Sylvester Stallone was famous for Rocky, a sports drama film about a working-class Italian-American boxer.
In 1970, the Vietnam war was still going on. Richard Nixon was president at this time. Nixon was a senator from California before he became president. In 1974, Nixon got caught in the Watergate scandal. “I’m not a crook,” was his most famous line. So, Richard Nixon’s time in office was from 1969-1974 because after Watergate, Nixon resigned in disgrace. Gerald R. Ford was sworn into office shortly after Nixon’s resignation. President Ford served in office until 1977. James (Jimmy) E. Carter war our 39th president. Carter was a democrat, unlike Nixon and Ford who were Republicans. He served from 1977-1981. Carter had success promoting Middle East peace, and since leaving office Jimmy Carter has traveled the world doing charity work.
Conclusion
The Seventies! Now you can answer my question that I asked earlier, “are the times still a changin,” with a yes, yes the times are still a changin. Fashion, music, and the famous people of the seventies were different from fashion, music, and the famous people of today, but it still is one planet. And whether the times change, or the don’t there will always be new centuries, new decades, and new years.
In this century, decade, and year we all have trends, styles, famous people of our time, and genres of music that we like. Everybody knows it, and the majority likes it. But have you ever wondered what the trends, styles, famous people, and music was like in a different century, decade, and year? This year is 2015. Two-thousand fifteen! But what about forty years ago, in the 1970’s? What were their styles, famous people, trends, and music like?
The 70’s was a very monumental time in history. In this article you will learn about fashion for men and woman in the seventies, the music in the seventies, and the famous figures of 1970-1979. Are the times still a changin?
Fashion
In the 1970’s you couldn’t quite say that there was a fashion revolution, but it was a big time in fashion history. Polyester was one of the most popular materials that were used to make clothing. In the early seventies, bright colors was the trend. Vibrant, loud colors were on every average american boy and girl. Fashion in the 70’s was different than most decades for girls and women. The 1970’s was the decade that women were finally accepted for equal rights, and that wearing pants, wasn’t a disgrace. That’s right, before then, women and girls were expected to wear dresses and skirts to fit in with society. In the seventies, men AND women wore tight fitting pants, and most of the time, the pants were wide at the bottom. Bellbottoms were the name. By 1973, most women were wearing high cut boots or low cut pants.
What could go better with a pair of loud bellbottoms than platform shoes? Nothing, at least not in the 1970’s. Some of the best clothing produce blended the mods with the hippies. If you could travel back in time to 1973, you’d probably see women wearing a cowl neck sweater. What about men you ask? A striped v-neck velour shirt was definitely in their closet. For a night on the town, tunics, culottes and robes were very common also.
1973 was definitely the year of knit items. Sweaters were most common. But by 1975, harris tweed, wool flannel, cashmere, camel’s hair, pure cotton, and pure silk were the common materials.
The early 70’s had super bright tones in clothing, but by 1979, color almost completely disappeared! Faded colors, earth tones, black, white, and gray was more popular. Many say that people were tired of the bright casual look, and went back to business. That is all different than what we wear today, but like Coco Chanel said, “Fashion fades, only style remains the same.”
The Music
Rock, rap, pop, country and heavy metal are some of the genres of music in our century, decade, and year. But in the 1970’s disco, funk, smooth jazz, jazz fusion, rock, punk, and punk rock were the genres that people liked.
Disco gave rise to an entire era of electronic music. Disco had come from two different impulses, funk and R&B. Disco began in urban centers around the U.S. If you used the words cultural powerhouse in the 1970’s, everyone would know that you meant DISCO. Disco became very popular by 1975, but that wasn’t the only popular music remember? Seventies rock was influential! Rock had played an important part in the western music scene. Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, and Queen were some big and important names in rock history.
The Famous Figures
Famous people in the seventies, were different than famous people now. Lots of movies were made through 1970-1979 and lots of political things happened too. People like Clint Eastwood, Barbra Streisand, and Sylvester Stallone were very popular names. Clint Eastwood was an actor born in 1930 in San Francisco. Barbra Streisand was an american actress, singer, director and producer. And Sylvester Stallone was famous for Rocky, a sports drama film about a working-class Italian-American boxer.
In 1970, the Vietnam war was still going on. Richard Nixon was president at this time. Nixon was a senator from California before he became president. In 1974, Nixon got caught in the Watergate scandal. “I’m not a crook,” was his most famous line. So, Richard Nixon’s time in office was from 1969-1974 because after Watergate, Nixon resigned in disgrace. Gerald R. Ford was sworn into office shortly after Nixon’s resignation. President Ford served in office until 1977. James (Jimmy) E. Carter war our 39th president. Carter was a democrat, unlike Nixon and Ford who were Republicans. He served from 1977-1981. Carter had success promoting Middle East peace, and since leaving office Jimmy Carter has traveled the world doing charity work.
Conclusion
The Seventies! Now you can answer my question that I asked earlier, “are the times still a changin,” with a yes, yes the times are still a changin. Fashion, music, and the famous people of the seventies were different from fashion, music, and the famous people of today, but it still is one planet. And whether the times change, or the don’t there will always be new centuries, new decades, and new years.
Facts at Plymouth
You probably have heard about the First Thanksgiving or maybe about the Pilgrims on the Mayflower. Well you probably haven’t heard of the story of why they left England or where they were originally headed? Who ruled England at that time? How long was the Mayflower’s journey or how did the Pilgrim’s faith evolve into a new type of Christianity? Well all the information is waiting to be read.
In September 1620, the Mayflower set sail on its long journey to Jamestown. Yes that was where they were headed, but they left during hurricane season so a storm blew them off course. This ship carried 102 passengers. These people were from Europe, mostly England. In that time period, King James I ruled England. He had a rule that said that everyone had to follow the religion of the Church of England. If you didn’t obey, you were persecuted. This means that you could have been imprisoned, kicked out of England, or executed. It was dangerous for the people who did not want to be loyal to the Church of England. They decided to leave and go to the English colony Jamestown.
Forty-one Pilgrims and 61 “strangers” were the people the people that left on the Mayflower. They all left on that tiny little cargo ship. The voyage took 66 long days. They finally reached Cape Cod Bay in December 1620.
The first winter in Plymouth was hard on the Pilgrims. But by spring 1621 the people whom were left, actually lived on the land. They still needed help. Thanks to Samoset and Squanto (members of the Wampanoag tribe) and their chief, Massasoit they survived.
In November, 1621 The First Thanksgiving took place. They gave thanks and ate a ton of food! This celebration lasted three days! They invited the Wampanoag tribe to join them.
Many people may dislike history but just think of it as you in an old time. What if you had to stay on that tiny little Mayflower or try to survive that first winter in Plymouth? What would you do if you couldn’t live the life you wanted? That is what happened though! Now that takes courage. Don’t you think?
The Declaration Of Independence
Introduction
When do you sing our country’s National Anthem, “The Star Spangled Banner”? Let’s think, we sing the National Anthem at almost every American sports game. From hockey to baseball, we honor our country. What about on Veteran’s Day and Memorial Day? We sing and honor our country there too. Next time we honor our country by singing the Star Spangled Banner, think about what it means when we say, “O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?” What really does that mean? It really means, “Over the land of the free, the land of free willing to fight bravely for their freedom, the United States of America!” This quote was from Francis Scott Key’s famous poem, and definitely defines that famous line that we always sing, but don’t really know the definition of. Now the question is, how did we become free officially. Didn’t there have to be a statement or a document signed? The answer to that is yes. There had to be a Declaration. A Declaration of Independence!
The Declaration of Independence, was one of this country's most important signed documents. In this article, you will learn about the famous delegates who attended congress, the congress’s decision for independence, and the four parts of the declaration. Did you know that congress signed the Declaration of Independence 442 days after the fighting at Lexington and Concord? Without that fight, maybe we wouldn’t have a Declaration of Independence.
The Famous Delegates
Some of the most famous people in our US history signed the Declaration of Independence. The British Empire (ruled by King George III) had been taxing the colonies because he was in debt due to a previous war with the French. At the beginning of this taxation, the colonists were okay, but as there became more unfair taxes and laws, the colonists became angered. They wanted their own government. Representatives from all the colonies met in Philadelphia twice to discuss these unfair laws. They called themselves The First Continental Congress, and then The Second Continental Congress. The Second Continental Congress made some very important decisions. They appointed George Washington as the general of the colonial army and they declared independence.
The Second Continental Congress’s walls started brewing with the idea of breaking ties with Great Britain after Thomas Paine published his famous pamphlet, “Common Sense”. This got Richard Henry Lee thinking about freedom from England. “Resolved: that these United colonies are, and right out ought to be, free and independent states. That they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved,” Lee stated. Richard Henry Lee meant that Britain should be resolved totally from the colonies and that the colonies should be free and independent states. The first time he suggested this, however, few delegates agreed with him. John Adams was one of the few people that agreed with Lee. But as history would have it, others started to agree. On June 11th, 1776, a committee was created to draft a declaration of freedom. This committee consisted of Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, John Adams of Massachusetts, Robert R. Livingston of New York, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. Benjamin Franklin was a wise choice because he was a well respected man. Franklin wrote the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” and “Poor Richard’s Almanac.” The Pennsylvania Gazette was the local newspaper in Philadelphia. Poor Richard’s Almanac had many smart phrases that included Franklin’s wit like, “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” Franklin meant that if you go to bed early and get up early you will be respected as a noble man. John Adams was a Harvard scholar and believed highly in freedom from Britain. Roger Sherman was a surveyor and well educated man. Robert R. Livingston was a lawyer who like Adams and Franklin had strong opinions on freedom. Thomas Jefferson was appointed to write the first draft. The committee unanimously selected Thomas Jefferson for his impressive way with words. He could write and rewrite an excellent statement for the colonies that could express their feeling on British rule.
Thomas Jefferson spent 2 ½ weeks on writing the Declaration. He had rented a room in Philadelphia. Finally, after many long days and nights, Thomas Jefferson finished his first draft of the colony's independence statement. The Congress met in late June and edited Jefferson’s draft, but overall, many were impressed.
The Congress’s Decision For Independence
The Second Continental Congress was buzzing with chatter about the Declaration that Thomas Jefferson was so busily writing. On June 28, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was read aloud to the congress for the first time. After all the delegates voted, they signed the Declaration on July 4, 1776. We know this day as Independence Day where we have bonfires, cookouts, fireworks, and wear our country’s colors to represent our freedom. This Declaration was not only helpful to the strong believers of freedom, but this helped the Continental Army because they now could ask the French monarch for assistance in the war against Great Britain. We still had a whole war to fight!
The Four Parts of The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence had four parts that are not as well known as some of the famous quotes from the sections. The first part of the Declaration was called the Preamble. This was the introduction and stated why the Declaration of Independence was needed. Jefferson stated that sometimes people need to cut themselves off from the country they once belonged to. This was so true at the time.
The second part of the Declaration of Independence was called the Declaration of Natural Rights and listed the colonist’s main ideas about government. This was the section where Jefferson stated his utmost famous quote, that, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” This means that everyone should be treated equally and that they all had the same rights. Jefferson was trying to say that with King George III ruling, this was not true at the time. Thomas Jefferson got this idea from George Mason of Virginia.
The third part of the Declaration of our country’s freedom was called the List of Grievances. Here, Jefferson stated the colonists grievances about King George III and Parliament. This was the longest part of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson stated in this section that King George was, “unfit to be the ruler of free people.”
The fourth and final section of the Declaration of Independence was called the Resolution of Independence. Jefferson talked about how the colonists were no longer British citizens, but citizens of a new country, the United States. This section wrapped up the document.
Conclusion
The Declaration of Independence is the official document that states that we are, and right out ought to be free and independent states. At the time the document was signed by Congress, they needed a printer for the official document to be copied on. The British had occupied Philadelphia so Congress turned to Mary Katharine Goddard, a famous Baltimore printer. Word spread about the 13 colonies becoming 13 independent states. This is why we believe that winning our independence allows us to know that we truly are, “The land of the free and the home of the brave!”
When do you sing our country’s National Anthem, “The Star Spangled Banner”? Let’s think, we sing the National Anthem at almost every American sports game. From hockey to baseball, we honor our country. What about on Veteran’s Day and Memorial Day? We sing and honor our country there too. Next time we honor our country by singing the Star Spangled Banner, think about what it means when we say, “O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?” What really does that mean? It really means, “Over the land of the free, the land of free willing to fight bravely for their freedom, the United States of America!” This quote was from Francis Scott Key’s famous poem, and definitely defines that famous line that we always sing, but don’t really know the definition of. Now the question is, how did we become free officially. Didn’t there have to be a statement or a document signed? The answer to that is yes. There had to be a Declaration. A Declaration of Independence!
The Declaration of Independence, was one of this country's most important signed documents. In this article, you will learn about the famous delegates who attended congress, the congress’s decision for independence, and the four parts of the declaration. Did you know that congress signed the Declaration of Independence 442 days after the fighting at Lexington and Concord? Without that fight, maybe we wouldn’t have a Declaration of Independence.
The Famous Delegates
Some of the most famous people in our US history signed the Declaration of Independence. The British Empire (ruled by King George III) had been taxing the colonies because he was in debt due to a previous war with the French. At the beginning of this taxation, the colonists were okay, but as there became more unfair taxes and laws, the colonists became angered. They wanted their own government. Representatives from all the colonies met in Philadelphia twice to discuss these unfair laws. They called themselves The First Continental Congress, and then The Second Continental Congress. The Second Continental Congress made some very important decisions. They appointed George Washington as the general of the colonial army and they declared independence.
The Second Continental Congress’s walls started brewing with the idea of breaking ties with Great Britain after Thomas Paine published his famous pamphlet, “Common Sense”. This got Richard Henry Lee thinking about freedom from England. “Resolved: that these United colonies are, and right out ought to be, free and independent states. That they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved,” Lee stated. Richard Henry Lee meant that Britain should be resolved totally from the colonies and that the colonies should be free and independent states. The first time he suggested this, however, few delegates agreed with him. John Adams was one of the few people that agreed with Lee. But as history would have it, others started to agree. On June 11th, 1776, a committee was created to draft a declaration of freedom. This committee consisted of Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, John Adams of Massachusetts, Robert R. Livingston of New York, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. Benjamin Franklin was a wise choice because he was a well respected man. Franklin wrote the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” and “Poor Richard’s Almanac.” The Pennsylvania Gazette was the local newspaper in Philadelphia. Poor Richard’s Almanac had many smart phrases that included Franklin’s wit like, “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” Franklin meant that if you go to bed early and get up early you will be respected as a noble man. John Adams was a Harvard scholar and believed highly in freedom from Britain. Roger Sherman was a surveyor and well educated man. Robert R. Livingston was a lawyer who like Adams and Franklin had strong opinions on freedom. Thomas Jefferson was appointed to write the first draft. The committee unanimously selected Thomas Jefferson for his impressive way with words. He could write and rewrite an excellent statement for the colonies that could express their feeling on British rule.
Thomas Jefferson spent 2 ½ weeks on writing the Declaration. He had rented a room in Philadelphia. Finally, after many long days and nights, Thomas Jefferson finished his first draft of the colony's independence statement. The Congress met in late June and edited Jefferson’s draft, but overall, many were impressed.
The Congress’s Decision For Independence
The Second Continental Congress was buzzing with chatter about the Declaration that Thomas Jefferson was so busily writing. On June 28, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was read aloud to the congress for the first time. After all the delegates voted, they signed the Declaration on July 4, 1776. We know this day as Independence Day where we have bonfires, cookouts, fireworks, and wear our country’s colors to represent our freedom. This Declaration was not only helpful to the strong believers of freedom, but this helped the Continental Army because they now could ask the French monarch for assistance in the war against Great Britain. We still had a whole war to fight!
The Four Parts of The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence had four parts that are not as well known as some of the famous quotes from the sections. The first part of the Declaration was called the Preamble. This was the introduction and stated why the Declaration of Independence was needed. Jefferson stated that sometimes people need to cut themselves off from the country they once belonged to. This was so true at the time.
The second part of the Declaration of Independence was called the Declaration of Natural Rights and listed the colonist’s main ideas about government. This was the section where Jefferson stated his utmost famous quote, that, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” This means that everyone should be treated equally and that they all had the same rights. Jefferson was trying to say that with King George III ruling, this was not true at the time. Thomas Jefferson got this idea from George Mason of Virginia.
The third part of the Declaration of our country’s freedom was called the List of Grievances. Here, Jefferson stated the colonists grievances about King George III and Parliament. This was the longest part of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson stated in this section that King George was, “unfit to be the ruler of free people.”
The fourth and final section of the Declaration of Independence was called the Resolution of Independence. Jefferson talked about how the colonists were no longer British citizens, but citizens of a new country, the United States. This section wrapped up the document.
Conclusion
The Declaration of Independence is the official document that states that we are, and right out ought to be free and independent states. At the time the document was signed by Congress, they needed a printer for the official document to be copied on. The British had occupied Philadelphia so Congress turned to Mary Katharine Goddard, a famous Baltimore printer. Word spread about the 13 colonies becoming 13 independent states. This is why we believe that winning our independence allows us to know that we truly are, “The land of the free and the home of the brave!”
BAllet-Pretty, Yet Tough
Introduction
When most people hear the term ‘ballet’ they think girls on their tippy toes in tu tu’s. That is not true. Ballet is very important. Cassie Sprance once said, “If ballet were any easier, it would be called football..” There are many different things to know about ballet, but the three things that I will be focusing on are where ballet originated from, the Vaganova Method, and the famous ballets. Ballet might be pretty to watch, but doing it is another story!
Ballet’s Origin
Ballet’s origin is a little strange, because most of the time, classical ballet is performed in theatres with light and sparkly costumes, but when ballet emerged in the 15th Century Renaissance, it was not like that. In France and Italy, people started dancing in a different way in courts, this was later called Ballet which is a French word which means a artistic dance form performed to music. The reason why I talked about the costumes was because in the courts where ballet was created, the dancers wore tights, tight, itchy shoes, long, puffy shirts and shirts, and huge feathered hats. Imagine that!
The Vaganova Method
The type of ballet that I’m writing about is Classical Ballet which uses the Vaganova Method which has a syllabus. The Vaganova Method was created by Agrippina Vaganova, a Russian woman. Vaganova created the syllabus so that dancers who chose her style would have an organized order when dancing. Vaganova also created an order of the barre which just gives dancers an order when doing their exercises. The syllabus is strange because all of the exercise’s are in French, but the creator of the syllabus was Russian.
The Famous Ballets
Ballet is performed throughout the world. Many people get to see famous stories. Ballet really just tells a story through dancing. At Christmastime, when you go shopping and you see and little soldier with a jaw that unhinges, you know that’s a Nutcracker. ‘The Nutcracker’ is a famous ballet written by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. This ballet is about a girl who’s parents are throwing a Christmas Eve party. This story takes place back when people used to get together in ballrooms and dance waltz and minuets. This girl’s name is Clara. Her strange and mysterious uncle, Dr. Drosselmeyer, brings Clara a Nutcracker doll. At night, the doll grows and Clara shrinks, leaving the doll life-size. A great big mouse king starts attacking Clara, and out of the blue, the Nutcracker soldier appears! He starts fighting the Mouse King. Clara throws her slipper at the mouse’s head when all seems lost and kills him. The Nutcracker turns into a handsome prince and takes Clara to his home, the Land of the Sweets.
The Sleeping Beauty Suite is a ballet that was also written by Tchaikovsky. Tchaikovsky believed that music was “the best,” but that should be normal for him, because he was a famous Russian composer. This story many of you may be very familiar with because of the publicity that it has been getting during the years. Disney’s created an animated cartoon of that story and turned Aurora into a Disney princess.
Another ballet that no one knows about is Airs Above Ground which contains music written by Malcolm Arnold and Tchaikovsky. The ballet was choreographed by Susan Szabo. This ballet is about horses who dance dressage. Dressage means training. This ballet takes place in a ring where horses would practice. Susan found the choreography while riding her horse.
Swan Lake is also one of the world’s most famous ballets. This ballet, also written by Tchaikovsky, is very pretty with costumes and choreography!
Conclusion
Ballet is harder than people think. Most people don't realize that even though dancers look really pretty and make dancing look easy. Now you know. You also now know about ballet’s origin, the Vaganova Method, and about the famous ballets. Vaganova always said, “Look at life all around; everything is growing, everything is moving forward. Therefore I recommend keeping in touch with life and with art.” This means that Vaganova wanted everyone to live life to the fullest and notice the changing world around you. She was a very down to earth person.
When most people hear the term ‘ballet’ they think girls on their tippy toes in tu tu’s. That is not true. Ballet is very important. Cassie Sprance once said, “If ballet were any easier, it would be called football..” There are many different things to know about ballet, but the three things that I will be focusing on are where ballet originated from, the Vaganova Method, and the famous ballets. Ballet might be pretty to watch, but doing it is another story!
Ballet’s Origin
Ballet’s origin is a little strange, because most of the time, classical ballet is performed in theatres with light and sparkly costumes, but when ballet emerged in the 15th Century Renaissance, it was not like that. In France and Italy, people started dancing in a different way in courts, this was later called Ballet which is a French word which means a artistic dance form performed to music. The reason why I talked about the costumes was because in the courts where ballet was created, the dancers wore tights, tight, itchy shoes, long, puffy shirts and shirts, and huge feathered hats. Imagine that!
The Vaganova Method
The type of ballet that I’m writing about is Classical Ballet which uses the Vaganova Method which has a syllabus. The Vaganova Method was created by Agrippina Vaganova, a Russian woman. Vaganova created the syllabus so that dancers who chose her style would have an organized order when dancing. Vaganova also created an order of the barre which just gives dancers an order when doing their exercises. The syllabus is strange because all of the exercise’s are in French, but the creator of the syllabus was Russian.
The Famous Ballets
Ballet is performed throughout the world. Many people get to see famous stories. Ballet really just tells a story through dancing. At Christmastime, when you go shopping and you see and little soldier with a jaw that unhinges, you know that’s a Nutcracker. ‘The Nutcracker’ is a famous ballet written by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. This ballet is about a girl who’s parents are throwing a Christmas Eve party. This story takes place back when people used to get together in ballrooms and dance waltz and minuets. This girl’s name is Clara. Her strange and mysterious uncle, Dr. Drosselmeyer, brings Clara a Nutcracker doll. At night, the doll grows and Clara shrinks, leaving the doll life-size. A great big mouse king starts attacking Clara, and out of the blue, the Nutcracker soldier appears! He starts fighting the Mouse King. Clara throws her slipper at the mouse’s head when all seems lost and kills him. The Nutcracker turns into a handsome prince and takes Clara to his home, the Land of the Sweets.
The Sleeping Beauty Suite is a ballet that was also written by Tchaikovsky. Tchaikovsky believed that music was “the best,” but that should be normal for him, because he was a famous Russian composer. This story many of you may be very familiar with because of the publicity that it has been getting during the years. Disney’s created an animated cartoon of that story and turned Aurora into a Disney princess.
Another ballet that no one knows about is Airs Above Ground which contains music written by Malcolm Arnold and Tchaikovsky. The ballet was choreographed by Susan Szabo. This ballet is about horses who dance dressage. Dressage means training. This ballet takes place in a ring where horses would practice. Susan found the choreography while riding her horse.
Swan Lake is also one of the world’s most famous ballets. This ballet, also written by Tchaikovsky, is very pretty with costumes and choreography!
Conclusion
Ballet is harder than people think. Most people don't realize that even though dancers look really pretty and make dancing look easy. Now you know. You also now know about ballet’s origin, the Vaganova Method, and about the famous ballets. Vaganova always said, “Look at life all around; everything is growing, everything is moving forward. Therefore I recommend keeping in touch with life and with art.” This means that Vaganova wanted everyone to live life to the fullest and notice the changing world around you. She was a very down to earth person.